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GUIDELINES FOR USING A FIREARM IN SELF-DEFENCE - UNDERSTANDING THE LAW IN SOUTH AFRICA
06 December 2024 ,
Lefevré Joubert
630
In South Africa, owning a firearm is a significant responsibility, particularly with the current climate of crime and security concerns. Many people carry firearms for protection, but it is crucial to understand when you are legally justified in using them.
The law that governs firearm use in self-defence is the Firearms Control Act 60 of 2000, which outlines the rights and limitations of firearm owners. It is critical to understand that pointing a firearm - real or fake - at someone can be considered a criminal offence if done without appropriate cause, such as in self-defence against a credible threat.
WHEN AND WHEN NOT TO USE YOUR FIREARM:
In South Africa, you are allowed to use a firearm for self-defence in cases where your life, or the life of someone else, is under immediate threat.
The Firearms Control Act and principles of Section 49 of the Criminal Procedure Act further specify the concept of “proportionality” in using force, stating that the force used must be reasonable and in direct response to the threat at hand.
SCENARIOS ILLUSTRATING WHEN USING A FIREARM IS JUSTIFIED AND WHEN IT IS NOT:
If an armed intruder enters your home and poses a direct threat to you or your family, using a firearm in self-defence could be lawful.
The immediate risk of death or severe injury justifies the action under self-defence principles.
During an attempted hijacking where the attacker is visibly armed and showing intent to harm you or forcefully take your vehicle, firearm use is generally considered within legal boundaries, especially if you are cornered or unable to escape safely.
If someone makes threatening gestures but is unarmed and at a distance, using a firearm would likely be considered excessive.
The law requires that the perceived threat be imminent and likely to cause severe harm.
If you are involved in an argument where no physical threat exists, drawing or firing a firearm is illegal.
Arguments or disagreements, no matter how heated, do not justify using deadly force.
If you witness an individual being attacked and can confirm the attacker is armed or is likely to cause serious harm, you may intervene with a firearm.
However, this is risky and should only be done if you are certain of the threat level and unable to seek help in time.
Using a fake firearm for self-defence may be interpreted as intimidation or even as a form of crimen injuria (a legal term used in some jurisdictions, including South Africa, referring to the unlawful and intentional impairment of someone's dignity).
This is because it involves the intent to deceive or threaten another person, which could have legal repercussions depending on the circumstances.
If an assailant realises the weapon is fake, it could escalate the situation and potentially lead to charges against the person using the fake firearm.
SELF-DEFENSE USE:
If you find yourself in a situation where you have used your firearm in self-defence, it is vital to follow these steps to protect your rights and comply with the law:
Stay calm and secure the scene if possible.
Secure your firearm safely and ensure the immediate area is safe.
Do not tamper with evidence.
Contact the SAPS immediately or as soon as you feel safe to do so.
Co-operate fully with the officers on the scene.
Give your statement, factually, detailing the events as they occurred.
Seek legal assistance by contacting a qualified professional experienced in firearm laws and self-defence cases.
Having legal representation will help you navigate investigations that may follow.
Be prepared for a full investigation by the SAPS, who will conduct an extensive investigation to determine if your actions were legally justified.
They may collect evidence, take witness statements, and review your firearm license.
Comply with further legal procedures, for example, when the SAPS requires your firearm for ballistic analysis.
Co-operate and provide the documentation requested.
Co-operate and provide the documentation requested.
UNDERSTANDING YOUR RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES:
Firearm owners must take every step to understand their rights and responsibilities under the Firearms Control Act.
Exercising caution, remaining aware of your surroundings, and recognising when and how to use force is essential.
This article was written by Specialised Security Services
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